Representative democracy as it has existed in the world since the 18th century implies that the people elect those who manage public affairs in their name and in their place. The election of the latter, called rulers, is carried out according to electoral systems which vary depending on whether we are in countries with a single-party political regime or in countries with a multi-party regime. In countries with a single-party political system, the rulers are chosen by the leaders of the single party who draw up the lists of ‘candidates’ and then have these lists adopted by the voters through a sham election. If in this case the choice of governors by party officials is made before the presentation of the lists of ‘candidates’ to voters, it sometimes happens that the choice is made a posteriori. In these cases, the candidates that the leaders of the single party believe or consider to be good are elected, regardless of the number of votes obtained. In countries with a multi-party political system, rulers are chosen by the governed voters according to three main electoral systems: the majority system, the proportional representation system and the mixed system.