The 2024 National and Provincial Elections marked a pivotal moment in South Africa’s post-apartheid democracy, resulting in the African National Congress (ANC) losing its parliamentary majority for the first time. The shift in power dynamics necessitated coalition discussions and the possibility of a government of national unity, highlighting the intricate dynamics of voter behaviour. This article employs voter behaviour theory and document analysis to explore these complexities. The results reveal an intricate interplay of factors shaping electoral outcomes, with identity politics emerging as particularly salient. The emergence of new parties, such as uMkhonto weSizwe (MK Party), together with ethnically charged campaign rhetoric, highlighted the potential for ethno-populist appeals. Hence the elections underscore the importance of comprehending voter behaviour within the context of the loss of power by a dominant liberation movement to a breakaway faction, whose support ostensibly exhibited ethnic undertones. Rational choice considerations around socioeconomic issues and growing discontent with the ruling ANC also factored into voting decisions, indicating critical engagement by the electorate with political choices in 2024. Future elections will likely continue to reflect the complex interplay of identity, economic concerns, and evolving political loyalties in South Africa’s maturing democracy.